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GENETIC TESTS

DNA is Our Unique Code of Life

Genetic Testing can reveal the changes in your DNA for a Healthy Life

REVEAL

Stunning Structure & Mechanism of DNA

Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid, DNA, is the genetic material in our cells which are the building blocks that give the genetic instructions necessary for the vital functions and biological development. 


Our body composed of cells, in cells DNA is contained within structures called chromosomes. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes that we inherit from our biological parents. 22 pairs called autosomes and the last pair is sex chromosomes determined our sex XX or XY. DNA is double-helix structure  contain 3.2 billion nucleotide pairs, these nucleotides are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C) and pairs oppositely (A-T : C-G) to connect the 2 DNA strands. The sequence of these bases constitutes the genetic code, DNA, that specifies the order and number of amino acids in a protein. It is a very complex and extraordinary mechanism with it is coding and non-coding regions.  These regions and sequences compose a ''Gene'' and it is estimated that humans have over 20.000 Genes. 


As start of the Human Genome Project, which is another revolution in science, the international researchers, scientists and geneticists effort to determine the DNA sequence of the entire human genome. Primary goal of the HGP was  understanding, discovering and mapping the complete set of human genes beside it becomes a breakthrough to identify inherited diseases, genetic disorders, diagnosis and gene therapies. 

Why Genetic Testing is Important?

Genetic Testing examines and determines the changes in genetic material, it helps to identify changes (mutations, variants, deletions, exertions) in chromosome structures or in DNA sequences. If any change in these structures some diseases or disorders can occur. 


Many aspects of our body, health and diseases are determined by genetic factors (inherited) and non-genetic factors (environmental), inherited factors are eye color, hair color, some abilities or disease pass through past generations while environmental factors like diets, lifestyle, maternal malnutrition or stress. Some diseases caused by the combination of both called multifactorial ; like diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer. 


Genetic makeup or ''Genotype'' is directly related with being and staying healthy as well as developing a disease or disorder. Genetic diseases can occur in any period of lifetime from pregnancy to birth and aging. 


Genetic testing may help to get information in many ways such as determining biological relatives, diagnosing a genetic condition, initiating prevention from diseases, starting or observing a treatment, family planing as well as our choices like diet, sport or career. 

Next Generation Genetic Testing Solutions with Genetic Counseling

CONSULT

Types of Genetic Testing to get Information

Genetic Testing provides lots of information to a person and families for their healthcare needs to confirm a diagnosis or to follow up a treatment , for their  long-term needs to prevent a disease and to change life style, for their family planning to locate possible genetic conditions that can be inherited to child or to get child for detecting infertility problems and miscarriages. 


Genetic testing is used in many reasons to get information; genetic testing includes tests like; 


Carrier Testing:  Carrier Testing offered to couples who have a family history of  genetic disorder and to people in some ethnic groups with an increased risk of specific genetic conditions. Sickle Cell Anemia, Muscular Dystrophy, Cystic Fibrosis and Red-green color blindness are some examples of genetic conditions that can pass to children from carrier couples.


Prenatal Testing: Prenatal testing offered during pregnancy to detect if there is an increased risk that the baby will have a genetic or chromosomal disorder. It can be done in non-invasive way (Mother's blood) or invasive ways amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling to identify inherited disorders like; Down Syndrome, Patau Syndrome or many other genetic diseases. 


Diagnostic Testing:  Diagnostic Testing offered to confirm a diagnosis if the person suspected from a disease and show physical signs and symptoms. It is also used to monitor prognosis of a disease or response to treatment especially in certain cancer types.


Predictive or Pre-Dispositional Testing:  Predictive testing offered to identify persons at risk of getting a disease or develop a genetic disorder before any symptoms occur. It is useful if a person has a family history of a specific disease or disorder for preventing it such as; certain types of cancer, cardiovascular (heart) diseases, dementia or hemochromatosis (iron overload). 


Forensic Testing:  Forensic Testing is not a diagnostic testing unlike the tests described above. It is usually used in criminal investigation and also demanded  to identify biological relationships between people like paternity, sibling-ship. 

Affordable Genetic Testing Solutions

All tests are only test prices at the laboratories in Turkey

Chromosome Analysis, Karyotyping, Infertility, chromosomes, chromosomal disorders, health travel

Chromosome Analysis

FROM £50

2-3 Weeks online reporting

single gene analysis, gene analysis, Cystic Fibrosis, CFTR, SMA, genetic diseases, child diseases

Single Gene Analysis

FROM £100

Prices varies acc. to gene

Cardiovascular problems, heart, cardio, veins, mutation, infertility

Cardio Vascular Panel

FROM £80

Inc. 12 mutations

genetic disorders, carrier screening, diseases, prenatal screening, inherited diseases, genes, baby

Carrier Screening Panel

FROM £900

Inc. Genetic Counseling + Medical Report

Whole Exome Sequencing, WES, diseases, genetic, genetic diseases, exons

Whole Exome Sequencing

FROM £1000

Inc. Genetic Counseling + Medical Report

Whole Genome Sequencing, WGS, cancer, rare diseases, genes, genome wide, inherited diseases, cancer

Whole Genome Sequencing

FROM £2200

Inc. Genetic Counseling + Medical Report

Methods of Genetic Testing

Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS)

Single Gene or Panel Sequencing

Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS)

Whole Genome Sequencing is the most comprehensive analysis of  a human genome. WGS identifies the DNA sequence of a cell at a single time with all coding and non-coding regions of 20.000 genes. 

WGS is the highest and top diagnostic yield to test for diagnosis of a rare or inherited condition or complex diseases. 

Sometimes patients suffering from misdiagnosed or undiagnosed genetic diseases with spending so much time, money and energy with WGS complex and multiple genetic diseases can be identified mainly as neurological or metabolic abnormalities, immune deficiencies or recurrent infections. 

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Whole Exome Sequencing (WES)

Single Gene or Panel Sequencing

Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS)

Whole Exome Sequencing is the  analysis of  a human exomes, protein coding parts of the genome. Exomes are actively used in protein synthesis and approximately 85% of the known diseases caused by the changes inside these regions. 

WES is one of the most-widely used methods in diagnosis of Mendelian diseases as well as the complex genetic diseases. When patients have an undiagnosed genetic disorder or suspected to have a specific genetic disorder which could not be solved with previous tests. WES data accuracy and genomic library is important to get rapid solutions. 

WES is more cost-effective solution than WGS. 


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Single Gene or Panel Sequencing

Single Gene or Panel Sequencing

Single Gene or Panel Sequencing

Single Gene Testing is an analysis of single gene that look at the changes (mutations) in that gene. It is recommended if the person have symptoms of a specific condition and syndrome or if there is a known genetic mutation in a family like Cystic Fibrosis (CFTR Gene), galactosemia (GALT Gene).  

Panel Testing analysis and looks at the changes more than one gene, if a person has symptoms for a wide array of conditions and it is suspected that conditions can be caused by changes in many genes than panel testing is offered.  These tests may be cost-effective and minimize the need for testing unnecessary genes that are not of interest.

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Chromosomal Testing

Chromosomal Testing

Single Gene or Panel Sequencing

Chromosome Analysis also called ''Karyotyping'' is the science called Cytogenetic which analysis the changes in our 23 pairs of chromosomes. It evaluates the number and the structure of chromosomes to detect chromosomal abnormalities. Aneuploidy is a condition in which there are missing or extra chromosomes for example if there is a trisomy in chromosome 21 than the genetic disorder ''Down Syndrome'' occurs. 

Karyotyping also detects the structural changes, if there is a deletion on insertion in the chromosomes. 

Chromosome analysis generally offers in prenatal conditions, infertility conditions and miscarriages.

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Biochemical Testing

Chromosomal Testing

Biochemical Testing

Biochemical testing (BCG) is used to examine enzymes and proteins rather than detecting a problem in the gene. As it is stated gene's codes amino acids which are the building blocks of proteins and produces enzymes. 

Biochemical testing studies these enzymes in the body if there is a deficit or absent or un-stability in the functions. 

Enzyme deficiencies, are inherited defects that result in a number of life-changing or life-threatening conditions. 

These metabolic disorders can be inherited and effects many organs and the function of the body. 




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Biomarker Testing

Chromosomal Testing

Biochemical Testing

Biomarker testing is a molecular testing which is also called ''tumor profiling'' or ''somatic or genomic testing'' of cancer cells. It is an important test in cancer which detects mutations, additions, deletions, or rearrangements in DNA. Biomarkers tests are crucial for persons and for screening, diagnosis and/or prognosis of cancer patients. Biomarker testing can be predictive as well as used for a tailor treatment plan for person's clinical condition and treatment goals. Each person's cancer and different cancer types has a unique pattern of biomarkers and which effects the prognosis and treatment. 



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IMPORTANT NOTE

Genetic Testing has lots of risks and limitations. Genetic Testing results can have emotional, social, or financial consequences. Genetic Counseling is important and can explain in detail the benefits, risks, and limitations of a particular test.

Decoding Your Own Book, Your DNA in Your Cells Keeps and Gives Gigantic Information


Contact us for more information and Price Quote

Let's Start to Decode

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